Wall construction



Get. 25, 1938. H. J, KERR 2,133,992

WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Au ys, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig: 1 v ao INVENTOR. Howard J K6 rr A TTORNE Y Oct. 25, 1938.

H. J. KERR WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 5, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Hon/a ORN Oct. 25, 1938. KERR WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 3, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 HIIIIIIIIIAIIH HHIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIHH H||H\|||\ INVENTOR. Howard J Kerr i g k? ATTORNEY.

15 Fig. 2 is a partial side elevation of the installaorders of temperatures mentioned. One of these 15 Patented Oct. 25, 193$ I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Babcock & Wilcox Company, Newark, N. 'J a; corporation of New Jersey Application-August'3, 1935,SerialNo.' 34,587

20 Claims. (01. 122-235) I This invention is concerned with wall construe structive action of'the high temperature gases. tions. I Without said destructive action, such leakage In a specific form it relates to improvements-in would result in efficiency losses. I I I 1 I apparatus through which fluids or gases pass at The gases in the up-pass have temperatures 5 different pressures and temperatureSLIt is exhigher than those in the down-pass, and hun- 5 emplified herein as a steam boiler heated by 'fur'-' dre'ds of degrees higher than the water, or water nace gases at pressures differing to an unusual and steam mixture in the circulating system of degree in adjoining gas passes-J f I I the boiler. Therefore, any physical parts of the Theinvention will be readily'unde'rstood from apparatus-which are separately afiected by these the description of the steam boiler shown in the different temperatures must be permitted to have 10 accompanying drawings, in which: I I relative movement; This invention involves parts Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view ofa water whichcooperate to prevent the above described tubesteamboiler associatedwith'a slag tap iurdestructive action, but are so situated that they nace. i tend to separately approach the three different tionof Fig. 1, showing the exterior of the boiler parts is the casingsection forming walls of the casing and the position of the fluid cooled parti lip-pass 20, and a second is the'casing section tion which extends through and completely sepaforming walls-of the down-pass 24. The third rates two parts ofthe casing. I part is the fluid cooled partition 32 which sepa I Fig. 3 is a view in the nature of a section taken rates the casing sections and is movable relative 20 on a horizontal plane at a level below that of the to them. I boiler drum. I l The manner in which the casing sections are Fig. 4 is a partial view in the nature ofanelerelated to the partition 32 is well illustrated invation, showing the wall or casing construction Fig. 6,-'0f t d w s s fie re indicates a at the juncture of the vertical and inclined parts s t n t ou h t i d p i n of th partl- 25 of the fluid cooled partition. I I tion wall which is protected on its up-pass side by Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4 cooling tubes 34 having fins 36 welded thereto. showing the structure associating the vertical ese fi a fO d supports for the panels 38and part of the fluid cooled partition with the high the interposed refractory At the ed es Ofthe 3O temperature casing on one side and th 1 t mpartition" therefractory 42 is'additionally held in perature casing on the other. I position and protected by. a welded fin 44 prefer- Fig. 6 is a section similar to that of Fig. 5, but ably disposed aha right angle o the fin 6- taken on the section line s t of Fig. 4, and shoW- T e s a tu 6 is p a y made r d with ing the structure along the inclined part of the t part y a d u d to t p n l fluid cooled partition. I I II construction or toda" plate 49 rigid therewith. 5

Referring to Fig.1 of the drawings, thereis Baffl m x ay be p a d between sp t a d shown a furnace from which hot gases pass across the tube, and in all similar sealing positions. This steam generating tubes and thenthrough n uptube also carriesan expansion joint and gas seal pass 20. Under the effect of the" induced draft Structure including e a gles 50, 52, 54 and 56 fan 22 the gases are next drawn through the Which are 'p y'r gidwitha bar or fin 58 40 down-pass 24 and the out1et 26 to the air heater weldeditot e' The angle 56 as one 28. They are drawn through the fan and blown a ge 62 Welded to a fillet 64' which is in turn through the exhaust conduit 30 to a stack, II P welded to the tube 46 and positioned'parallel to h gas pressures Within th furn ce and the the fin 58. *Bafile mix maybe positioned between gas passes are sub-atmospheric throughout, and e I'tllbe 46 and the flange 62 as heart resisting 45 the pressure at the outletZBis much less than the material also acting as fi pressure at the bottom of the up-pass. It is also The manner in'whichlihe Casing Sections a e to be appreciated that these pressure relation related to the partition wall 32 is illustrated in ships must be maintained if a uniformly high Fig. 5 of the drawings. The wall of one casing is combustion rate is to be effected in the furnace indicated at 18 and the wall 93 is a part of the 50, and a uniformly high gas velocity secured in the other casing section. it will be understood that gas passes. Any substantial gas leaks from the one 'of these'walls is on the uhepass side of, the up-pass directly into the outlet or into the lower partition or'common wall 32, and the other wall part of the down-pass would quickly impair the is on the down-pass siderof that common wall.

effectiveness of the apparatus because of'the'dee, Theflwall 32,-.cooled and supported by the tubes 55 stays.

34 extends between the spaced ends of the walls I8 and 93 as shown, and there is a separate gas seal and expansion joint structure between each of the walls 18 and 93, and the wall 32. By means of this arrangement of parts, the wall 18 may move relative to the wall 32 independently of similar movement which the wall 93 may have relative to the wall 32. These structures also maintain a separate fluid seal between the walls 18 and 32, on the one hand, and an independently operating fluid seal between the walls 32 and on the other hand. p

Fig. 5 also shows the upright buckstays I10 and I I2. These members may be, considered as fixed,

with the walls 18 and 93 so arranged thatthey bear against the flanges I09 and II I, or the buck stays. I

One of the tubes 34 at the'e'dg of thewall 32 I has plates or fins 36 and 38, welded thereto. The. fin 38 extends into the space between the buckstays II 0; and.I.I.2* and has. secured'thereto the oppositely extending angles 40, 42, 4.4, and. 46'. The inner flanges. of these angles are spaced, so as. toqform guideways 50; and 52 for corresponding flanges of the, floating, angles. 54 and56. Theotherflanges of the latter are arranged to be movable in guideways 60.; and: 62; whichare formed by the, buckstays. and, plates64-and 66,, which are flxed in spaced relation to the buckstays, as shown. .With. this. arrangement of. structures. the wall .32; may so expandthat. it movestransversely of the buck- Whensuch movement. takes. place the parallel flangesxof: the floating an l s 5.4. n 56 move in the. guideways 60.; and 62, andseparate' fluid seals between thewall 32gand; the adjacent walls. 1858,1111 Q31 are maintained. Similarly there may be relative motion between either of, the walls. 18 and 93. and the-wall; 32.. When any such movement takes placethere is movement of one of the. flanges. of one. of thefloating. angles. 5.4. and 56 in one of the guideways 5.0 and 52..

r T flu d sea sprovidedion, opposite sides of. the fins 38 are made more effective by the presence.- or sealing; strips, or clips. 68 andlflzwhich are secured; to the floating angles in the position shown- Asbestos. packing, or some equivalent material may be placed under these. strips to further make the-fluid seals more effective.

One flange: of the angle, 5.0. is parallel to. the. flange 62- and spaced therefrom to. provide a. passage in which the. flange. 66 of the floating angle may slide with a reasonably close fit to prevent excessive leakageof air into the furnace. The other flange 68' of: the floating angle is. guided between an inclined buckstay 10' and. a. bar 1:2 fixed thereto. On the other. side of the fln. 58 there is. a similar arrangement of elements co.- operating with. the floating anglev 1.4.

The buckstay I6 preferably supports a wall I8. which is a part of. the casing section for the downpass 24, and the wall 80, a. part of the up-passi casing section, which is thicker than the wall 18.. because it'is. exposed to furnace gases at higher temperatures. The latter. walls is guided. by the. buckstay 10, and an expansion joint gas sealis provided between the buckstay and the wall. As. shown, this seal. consistsof wall members. forming channels, 82 and; 84 whichv slidably receive. flanges 86 and 88. preferably secured, respectively, to the buckstay I0 and the seal tube 4.6-. The.

flange 88 is a part. of a floating angle: the other.

flange of which slides in a guideway. formed by the tube 46 and abar 90:spacedfrom the tube but. welded to it along. oneedge.

. sealing stripsor clips92 secured. to the floating I ers. I36 and I38.

angles 66 and 14 complete the gas sealing struc ture. Asbestos packing may be placed under these strips and at all similar sealing positions.

It will be noted that the parts rigid with the partition form therewith a complete wall extending between and completely separating the confronting ends of the walls I8 and 80. The expansion joint gas seals are separate and are located on opposite sides of the partition. With this arrangement of elements, gas leaks direct from the up-pass 20 to the lower pressure downpass 24 are prevented. In the event that a leak occurs the. gas movement will be from the atmospher e into the furnace and the wall parts will not 'be subject to the destructive action of high temstays IO-and 16. These parts, as. well as the expansion joint parts between them, are shown as being mitered soas to form a single straight line joint, but it is to be understood that separate mitered sections. of these parts might be addedto the joint so-as to make it a two-line joint, In this latter event the'juncture of the buckstays and their attached parts would approach. the curvature of; the seal tube 34 which is shown as having a gradual curvature at the juncture of the vertical and inclined portions of the partition 32. The partition cooling tubes 34' are connected into the boiler circulation asfindicated in Fig. 2. They are directly connected at their lower end to the; downtake headers H4. The upper end of allof the tubes 34 are connected to a header III which is; located at the top of the partition. This headeris connected to the steam space of the drum- I20 bycirculators I22. The drum and the circulators are shown, suspended from the framework I24 by loops I26 and rods I28.

' In the up-pass and the down-pass separated by the partition; tubes 34 banks of fluid heat exchange tubes are shown. The cooler gases in. the down-pass contact with the tubes of the economizer I 30. These tubes are connected to an. inlet header which receives feed water from any convenient source- At their other ends they are connected to the water space of the drum I20 through the intermediacy of the outlet, header In the-up-pass there are located twofluid heat- These heaters may be superheaters connected in series or in parallel, or one of them may be a reheater. The tubes of these heatersare shown extending through the exterior wall I40 of, the up-pass 20. to inlet headers I42 and I44 on; one side, and to outlet headers I46 and I40 on the other side. All of these headers are preferably in vertical alignment and are supported by thesaturated steam tubes I50 and I52 arranged in rows on opposite sides of the header. These tubes are shown to be supported by suspension. rods I54. and I56 from the framework I24. the header I42 and at their upper ends to the steam space of the drum I20.

The downtake headers .4. are connectedtothe water space of: the drum I2II. by downtake circu- They are connected at their lower ends to.

'lators I58 as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. These circulators are preferably positioned in two spaced rows where they cross the outlet 26. With this arrangement there is no excessive flow resistance imposed upon the gases bythe downtake circulators. Along their upper parts they sup-. port refractory material which forms. the rearward wall I60 of the down-pass 24.

The downtake headers are connected to the uptake headers I92 by horizontally inclined steam generating tubes I93 which extend across the path of hot gases passing from the furnace I96. The latter is'indicated as a slag tap furnace fired by burners I98 and 200 supplied with secondary air through the chamber 202. These burners preferably direct fuel streams between wall tubes 206 connected at their ends to headers 208 and 2I0. Similar wall tubes 209 join the headers 208 and 2I2 on one side of the furnace, and 2I4 and 2I6 on the other side of the furnace. tubes are preferably covered with refractory as are the floor tubes 2| 8. When a slag pool collects in the furnace it may be tapped through the opening 220.

The headers 2I0 and 2I6 are connected into the boiler circulation by tubes 222 and 224 and there may be similar tubes connecting the lower headers with the drum I20. Similar connections 226 and 228 are provided for the headers 230 and 232 of a furnace screen formed by inclined tubes 234 connecting the headers 230 and 232.

The hot gases from the furnace pass through the flue or outlet 26 to a dust hopper 240 located at the base of the air heater 28. .Any material collecting in this hopper may be withdrawn through the discharge tube 242.

Referring to Fig 3 of the drawings the partition 32 is shown between the front and rear walls I40 and I00. Beyond the wall I40 is an exterior casing having the panel Wall 244, and a similar exterior casing wall 246 is shown spaced from the wall I60. Fig. 2 shows a side wall connecting the walls 244 and 246. It includes the buckstays I I and H2 and other vertical members 248 and 250 of an outside insulating panel wall construction as well as the horizontals 252, 254 and 256.

In the structure indicatedlin Fig. 2 of the drawings the exterior wall is preferably of insulating panel construction and the wall sections ABCDE,andFGHI-I'IJKareunitarily suspended from the load carrying structure at the top of the installation. These sections thus expand downwardly, as do the pressure parts of the boiler. Along the line K H H there is preferably located an expansion joint, permitting this expansion and the upward expansion of the panel wall section L M O P R which is preferably supported by the water tube side wall of the furnace.

I claim:

1. In combination, spaced casing sections forming walls of adjoining gas passes, a partition forming a wall common to both gas passes, and independent means on opposite sides of the partition movably associating the partition with the sections and completing a gas pass structure on each side of the partition.

2. In a wall construction, a plurality ofcasing sections" each forming walls of two adjacent chambers, a partition disposed between the sections and constituting a wall common to both chambers, and means on opposite sides of the partition independently associating each section with the partition so as to permitthe partition to move independently relative to each section.

The water 3. In a multiple gaspass steam'boilena partition common to two gas passes, a slotted casing having thepartition extending through the slot and separating two parts of the casing, and independent means on opposite sides of the partition independently joining the two; casing parts with the partition so as to complete two gas pass structures and allow the partition to move independently of either casing part.

4. In combination, a boiler casing divided at one end into separate sections, an imperforate wall interposed relative to the sections and separating two gas passes, and independent expansion joint and gas seal structures on opposite sides of the wall permitting the wall to move relative to and independently of each section, each of said structures operatively connecting the wall and one of said sections to maintain a separate gas pass.

5. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, adjacent casings forming the walls of two separate fluid passes, meanscausing fluidto flow in the same stream through the passes so that the temperature and pressure of the fluid in one pass are higher than in the other, a wall common to both passes and the casings, and independent gas seal and expansion joint structures on opposite sides of the common wall preventing fluid leakage from one pass to the other while permitting the common wall to have movement "relative to each casing independently.

6. In combination, {a furnace, a bank of inclined steam generating tubes contacted by gases passing from the furnace, a fluid cooled partition dividing the space above the generating tubes into two of serially connected gas passes, having an outlet adjacent the inlet ends of the generating tubes, induce-d draft means beyond the outlet operating to create sub-atmospheric pressures in the passes, fluid heat exchange tubes positioned in the passes and cooperating with said means to cause pressure on the outlet side of the lower end of the partition lower than the pressure on the opposite side, a casing having spaced sections on opposite sides of the partition, and independent expansion joint and gas seal structures on opposite sides of the partition and joining the latter and the spaced sections.

'7. A fluid heat exchange apparatus comprising,

in combination, a bank of fluid heat exchange forming a wall of the gas pass, a secondary casing forming a continuation or low pressure part of the same gas pass, said casings having an intermediate wall common to both gas pass parts, means for creating an induced draft so that there will be a higher pressure in the first mentioned part of the gas pass, extensions of the intermediate wall projecting outwardly of the inner surfaces of opposite sides of the casing, independent gas seal structures movably relating the casings and said extensions, the arrangement of the extensions and' the joints being such that if any leakage of furnace gases occurs it must be from the atmosphere into one casing and not from one casing to the other.

8. In a high head boiler, a boiler, setting, a steam and water drum, a bank of steam generating tubes positioned at a substantial distance below the drum, an upright water cooled wall extending upwardly from the steam generating tubes at a position intermediate their lengths and dividing the gas space above the tubes into an up-pass and a dow'n-pasaa flue 'Ior furnace gases at the-lower end of the down-pass, a primary casing cooperating with said wall to form the u'p-pass, a secondary casing cooperating with the other side of the wall to form the down-pass, a gas seal movably joining the primary casing with one side of said wall, and another gas seal structure movably joining the second casing with the other side of said wall. i

9. In a high head'boiler-having inclined steam generating tubes, an intermediate wall positioned above the tubes and separating an uppass from a down-pass, a source of heating gases, an outlet for heating gases at the base of the down-pass, fluid heat exchange tubes in said passes, a primary casing forming boundaries of the up-pass, a secondary casing forming boundaries of the down-pass, a gas-seal and expansion joint structure joining the primary section with one side of said wall, and an independently operating gas seal and expansion joint structure connecting the other side of said wall and the secondary casing, the arrangement of said structuresbeing such that the wall may move independently of the casings while permitting a fluid pressure to be maintained at the bottom of the up-pass higher than a pressure at the bottom of the down-pass.

10. In a high head boiler, a bank of inclined steam generating tubes extending across the path of furnace gases, a downtake header construction at the lower end of the tubes, an uptake header construction at the opposite ends of the tubes, a steam and water drum above the bank of tubes, downtake tubes leading downwardly from the water 'space'of the drum to the downtake header construction, uptake tubes connecting the uptake header construction with the steam space of, the drum, partition supporting tubes connected at their lower ends to the downtake header construction and having upright parts positioned in a row between said uptake and downtake tubes and connected to said drum, refractory material closing the spaces between the partition tubes and constituting therewith a partition separating two upright and serially connected gas passes, gas pass walls along the uptake and downtake tubes, and pairs of separated opposite casing walls connected to the partition and the gas pass walls to complete the gas passes, the casing walls being divided so as to straddle the partition wall.

11. In combination, a furnace, a bank of inclined steam generating tubes contacted by gases passing from the furnace, a fluid cooled partition dividing the space above the generating tubes into two serially connected gas passes having an outlet adjacent the inlet ends of the gen-- erating tubes; induced'draft'means beyond the outlet operating to create sub-atmospheric pressures in the passes, fluid heat exchange tubes positioned in the passes and cooperating with said means to cause the pressure on the outlet side of the lower end of the partition to be lower than the pressure on the opposite side, a casing having spaced sections on opposite sides of the partition, and independent expansion joint and gas seal structures on opposite sides of the partition and joining the latter and the spaced sections.

12. A fiuid heat exchange apparatus comprising, in combination, a bank of fluid heat exchange tubes exposed to contact with furnace gases in the "high pressure part of a gas pass, a primary casing enclosing at least parts of the tubes and forming a'wall of the gas pass, a sec-- ondary casing forming a continuation or low pressure part of the same gas pass, said casings having an intermediate wall common to both parts of the gas pass, means for creating an induced draft in the gas pass so that there will be a higher pressure in the first mentioned part of the gas pass, extensions of the intermediate wall projecting beyond adjacent surfaces of the casings, independent gas seal structures movably relating the casings and said extensions, the arrangement of the extensions and the joints being such that if any leakage of furnace gases occurs it must be from the atmosphere into one casing and not from one casing to the other.

13'. In a high head boiler, a boiler setting, a steam and water drum, a bank of steam generating tubes positioned at a substantial distance below the drum, an upright water cooled wall extending upwardly irom. the steam generating tubes at a position intermediate their lengths and dividing the gas space above the tubes into an up-pass and a down-pass, a flue for furnace gases at the lower end of the down-pass, a primary casing cooperating with said wall to form the up-pass, a secondary casing cooperating with the other side of thewall to form the down-pass, a gas seal movably joining the primary casing with one side of said wall, and another gas seal structure movably joining the second casing with the other side of said wall.

14. In a high head boiler having inclined steam generating tubes, an intermediate wall positioned above the tubes and separating an uppass from a down-pass, a source of heating gases, an outlet for heating gases at the base of the down-pass, fluid heat exchange tubes in said passes, a primary casing forming boundaries of the up-pass, a secondary casing forming boundaries of the down-pass, a gas seal and expansion joint structure joining the primary section with one side of said wall, and an independently operating gas, seal and expansion joint structure connecting the other side of said wall and the secondary casing, the arrangement of said structures being such that the wall may move independently of the casings while permitting a fluid pressure to be maintained at the bottom of the up-pass higher than the pressure at the bottom of the down-pass. 7

15. In a high head boiler, a bank of inclined steam generating tubes extending across the path'of furnace gases, a downtake header construction at the lower end of the tubes, an uptake header construction at the opposite ends of the tubes, a steam and water drum above the bank of tubes, downtake tubes leading downwardly from the water space of the drum to the downtake header construction, uptake tubes connecting the uptake header construction with the steam space of the drum, partition supporting tubes connected at their lower ends to the downtake header construction and having upright parts positioned in a row between said uptake and downtake tubes and connected to said drum, refractory material closing the spaces between the partition tubes and constituting therewith a partition separating two upright and serially connected gas passes, gas pass walls along the uptake and downtake tubes, and separated opposite casing walls connected to the partition and the gas pass walls to complete the gas passes, the casing Walls being divided so as to straddle the partition wall.

16; In fluid heat exchange apparatus having adjoining gas passes, a wall construction common to said passes, means for creating different fluid pressures in said passes, separate casings including wall sections arranged on opposite sides of the common wall, and separate fluid seal structures arranged on opposite sides of the common wall for independently associating said sections with opposite sides of the common wall.

17. In fluid heat exchange apparatus having adjoining gas passes, a wall construction common to said passes, means for creating different temperature conditions in said passes, separate casings including wall sections arranged on opposite sides of the common wall and adjacent thereto, and separate fluid seal structures arranged on opposite sides of the common wall for independently movably associating said sections with opposite sides of the common wall.

18. In apparatus subjected to the heat of furnace gases, two wall sections for adjoining furnace gas chambers, a wall common to said chambers and arranged between said sections, and separate expansion joint gas seal structures on opposite sides of the common wall permitting relative movements of said wall and wall sections while preventing any gas leakage past said wall from one chamber to the other.

19. In fluid heat exchange apparatus; a bafiie, side walls co-operating with one side of the bafiie to define a first gas pass on one side of the bafile,

tive movement between the bafile and the first mentioned side walls, other means associating the sidewalls of the second gas pass with the baffle to maintain a fluid tight casing while permitting another degree of relative movement between those side walls and the baffle, tubes forming parts of the baflle, means connecting the tubes into a fluid circulation system; said first mentioned means including metallic members secured in good heat exchange relationship with some of the said tubes and presenting flat surfaces along which said relative movements take place, a first set of co-operating metallic members carried by the first gas pass side walls, and a second set of metallic members secured to the second gas pass side walls, the first and second sets of metallic members slidingly engaging the first mentioned metallic members.

20. In apparatus of theclass described, a baffie, walls cooperating with the bafiie to define gas passes on opposite sides of the bafile, means associating said walls with the baffle to maintain fluid tight casings while permitting a certain degree of relative movement between the bafile'and the walls, tubes forming a part of the baffle and constituting parts of a fluid circulation system; said means including metallic members secured in good heat exchange relationship with some of the said tubes and presenting surfaces along which said relative movements take place, and sets of cooperating metallic members carried by the walls and cooperating with the first men tioned metallic members to provide seals between the gas pass walls and the b aille.

HOWARD J. KERR. 

